根特祭坛画 The Ghent Altarpiece
休伯特和扬·凡·艾克 · 1432年完成 · 比利时根特圣巴夫主教座堂
Hubert and Jan van Eyck · Completed 1432 · St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
图片：Wikimedia Commons，公有领域 / Image: Wikimedia Commons, public domain
发现 · Discover
神秘的羔羊 The Mystic Lamb
打开祭坛，正中间是站在祭坛上的羔羊，四周的人们正向它走来。
Open the altarpiece, and at its centre stands the Lamb on an altar, with crowds approaching from all sides.
兄弟俩 Two brothers
这组祭坛画由哥哥休伯特开始，1426年他去世后，弟弟扬接手，在1432年完成。据画框上的一段铭文，扬称哥哥“比任何人都伟大”，自己“在艺术上排第二”。
It was begun by Hubert van Eyck. After his death in 1426, his younger brother Jan took over and completed it in 1432. According to an inscription on the frame, Jan called Hubert "greater than anyone", and himself "second in art".
羔羊的脸 The Lamb's face
修复发现，羔羊的脸在16世纪被重新画过，让它更像一只真实的动物。原来的脸更像人，目光锐利，现在已经恢复。
Restoration revealed that the Lamb's face had been repainted in the 16th century to look more like a real animal. The original face, more human, with a piercing gaze, has now been uncovered.
被偷走的法官 The stolen Judges
1934年，左下角的一块画板被偷，正面是“正义的法官”，背面是施洗约翰。施洗约翰后来找到了，“正义的法官”至今下落不明。你现在看到的，是一幅复制品。
In 1934, the panel at the lower left was stolen: the Just Judges on one side, John the Baptist on the other. John the Baptist was found; the Just Judges has never been recovered. What you see today is a copy.
被偷了很多次 Stolen again and again
这组祭坛画至少被偷过十二次，是世界上最常被偷的艺术品之一。
The altarpiece has been stolen at least twelve times, making it one of the most stolen artworks in the world.
合上的样子 When it is closed
合上时，外侧的翼板上也画着人物，和打开后的鲜艳色彩完全不同。
When closed, the outer wings show figures too, quite different from the brilliant colours inside.
故事 · The story
I 两兄弟 Two brothers
15世纪20年代，休伯特·凡·艾克开始画这组祭坛画。1426年他去世，弟弟扬接手，在1432年完成。它很快就名声大噪。
In the 1420s, Hubert van Eyck began this altarpiece. He died in 1426, and his younger brother Jan completed it in 1432. It became famous almost at once.
1432年完成 · 根特圣巴夫主教座堂 / Completed 1432 · St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
II 最常被偷的画 The most stolen painting
几百年来，它至少被偷过十二次。1934年的一个夜里，盗贼偷走了左下角的一块画板，“正义的法官”至今下落不明。
Over the centuries it was stolen at least twelve times. One night in 1934, thieves took the panel at the lower left. The Just Judges has never been found.
1432年完成 · 根特圣巴夫主教座堂 / Completed 1432 · St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
III 找回来的脸 A face recovered
2012年开始的修复，去掉了16世纪的重画，让羔羊原来那张更像人的脸重新露了出来。
Restoration begun in 2012 removed 16th-century overpainting and revealed the Lamb's original, more human face.
1432年完成 · 根特圣巴夫主教座堂 / Completed 1432 · St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
最常被偷的画，至今还少了一块。 One of the most stolen artworks, still missing a piece.
作品档案 · Artwork record
| 画家（生卒年） · Artist (dates) | 休伯特·凡·艾克和扬·凡·艾克 / Hubert and Jan van Eyck |
|---|---|
| 画名 · Title | 根特祭坛画（神秘羔羊的崇拜） / The Ghent Altarpiece (The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb) |
| 年份 · Date | 1432年完成 / Completed 1432 |
| 材质 · Medium | 木板油画，多块画板组成 / Oil on panel, polyptych |
| 收藏地 · Collection | 比利时根特圣巴夫主教座堂 / St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent |
关于画家 · About the artist
扬·凡·艾克（约1390–1441），尼德兰画家，主要在布鲁日工作，以极其精细的油画著称。
Jan van Eyck (c. 1390–1441) was a Netherlandish painter who worked mainly in Bruges, celebrated for the extraordinary detail of his oil paintings.
更多扬·凡·艾克的画 · More by Jan van Eyck